{"id":74463,"date":"2025-12-06T11:11:22","date_gmt":"2025-12-06T07:41:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iranologists.org\/?page_id=74463"},"modified":"2025-12-06T14:13:23","modified_gmt":"2025-12-06T10:43:23","slug":"biographies-of-intellectuals","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iranologists.org\/en\/biographies-of-intellectuals\/","title":{"rendered":"biographies-of-intellectuals"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"74463\" class=\"elementor elementor-74463 elementor-782\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b944125 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b944125\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e88800c\" data-id=\"e88800c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-bbfa558 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bbfa558\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-048c1e4\" data-id=\"048c1e4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8acffc6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8acffc6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"350\" height=\"157\" src=\"https:\/\/iranologists.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Intellectuals.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-74524\" alt=\"Intellectuals\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iranologists.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Intellectuals.png 350w, https:\/\/iranologists.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Intellectuals-300x135.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-de30a57 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"de30a57\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0e504a9\" data-id=\"0e504a9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-396143d split-breadcrumbs-y elementor-widget elementor-widget-the7-breadcrumb\" data-id=\"396143d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"the7-breadcrumb.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"assistive-text\">You are here:<\/div><ol class=\"breadcrumbs text-small rcrumbs\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BreadcrumbList\"><li itemprop=\"itemListElement\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ListItem\"><a itemprop=\"item\" href=\"https:\/\/iranologists.org\/en\/\" title=\"Home\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Home<\/span><\/a><meta itemprop=\"position\" content=\"1\" \/><\/li><li class=\"current\" itemprop=\"itemListElement\" itemscope itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ListItem\"><span itemprop=\"name\">Page<\/span><meta itemprop=\"position\" content=\"2\" \/><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-112aaa4 elementor-hidden-tablet\" data-id=\"112aaa4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0bdc57e elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0bdc57e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f5a6d22\" data-id=\"f5a6d22\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ace27e elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-ucaddon_ajax_search\" data-id=\"0ace27e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"ucaddon_ajax_search.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<!-- start AJAX Search -->\n\t\t<link id='font-awesome-css' href='https:\/\/iranologists.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/unlimited-elements-for-elementor-premium\/assets_libraries\/font-awesome6\/fontawesome-all.min.css' type='text\/css' rel='stylesheet' >\n\t\t<link id='font-awesome-4-shim-css' href='https:\/\/iranologists.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/unlimited-elements-for-elementor-premium\/assets_libraries\/font-awesome6\/fontawesome-v4-shims.min.css' type='text\/css' rel='stylesheet' >\n\n<style>\/* widget: AJAX Search *\/\n\n#uc_ajax_search_elementor_0ace27e.uc-ajax-search-wrapper{\n\t\n    position:relative;\n    display:flex;\n    width:100%;\n}\n#uc_ajax_search_elementor_0ace27e .uc-ajax-search__title\n{\n  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\tjustify-content: space-between;\n  \tgap: 10px;\n  \tcursor: pointer;\n}\n\n#uc_ajax_search_elementor_0ace27e .uc-ajax-arrows .uc-inactive{\n\topacity: .5;\n}\n\n#uc_ajax_search_elementor_0ace27e .uc-ajax-arrow-left{\n\tposition: relative;\n}\n\n#uc_ajax_search_elementor_0ace27e .uc-ajax-arrow-left::before{\n\tfont-family: \"Font Awesome 5 Free\";\n    content: \"\\f104\";\n    font-weight: 900;\n    line-height:1em;\n  \tdisplay: inline-flex;\n}\n\n#uc_ajax_search_elementor_0ace27e .uc-ajax-arrow-right::before{\n\tfont-family: \"Font Awesome 5 Free\";\n    content: \"\\f105\";\n    font-weight: 900;\n    line-height:1em;\n  \tdisplay: inline-flex;\n}\n\n#uc_ajax_search_elementor_0ace27e .uc-ajax-search__btn\n{\n  display:flex;\n  align-items:center;\n  justify-content:center;\n  flex-grow:0;\n  flex-shrink:0;\n}\n\n#uc_ajax_search_elementor_0ace27e .uc-ajax-search__btn.uc-inactive{\n\tcursor: default;\n  \topacity: 0.7;\n\tpointer-events: none;\n}\n\n#uc_ajax_search_elementor_0ace27e .uc-ajax-search__btn_icon\n{\n  line-height:1em;\n}\n\n#uc_ajax_search_elementor_0ace27e .uc-ajax-search__btn svg\n{\n  height:1em;\n  width:1em;\n}\n\n#uc_ajax_search_elementor_0ace27e.uc-loading .uc-ajax-search__spinner__loader-wrapper{\n\tdisplay:block !important;\n}\n\n#uc_ajax_search_elementor_0ace27e .uc-ajax-search__error{\n\tcolor:red;\n    padding-top:15px;\n}\n\n#uc_ajax_search_elementor_0ace27e .uc-ajax-search__spinner__loader-wrapper{\n  position:absolute;\n  right:10px;\n  top:50%;\n  transform:translateY(-50%);\n}\n\n#uc_ajax_search_elementor_0ace27e .uc-ajax-search__spinner {\n  animation: ajaxsearchrotate 2s linear infinite;\n  z-index: 2;\n  width: 25px;\n  height: 25px;\n}\n\n#uc_ajax_search_elementor_0ace27e .uc-ajax-search__spinner-path {\n  stroke-linecap: round;\n  animation: ajaxsearchdash 1.5s ease-in-out infinite;\n}\n\n#uc_ajax_search_elementor_0ace27e .uc-pagination-list-inner\n{\n  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uc-grid-norefresh \" id=\"uc_ajax_search_elementor_0ace27e\">\n<div class=\"uc-ajax-search-wrapper-inside\">\n\n\t\n  <div class=\"uc-ajax-search__input-wrapper\">\n    \n    <div class=\"uc-ajax-search__input-wrapper-inner\">\n      <input type=\"text\" class=\"uc-ajax-search__input\" value=\"\" placeholder=\"The search term...\" data-open-homeurl=\"_self\">\n\n    \n    \n\n   \n      \n       <div class=\"uc-ajax-search__spinner__loader-wrapper\" style='display:none'>\n    \n        <svg class=\"uc-ajax-search__spinner\" viewBox=\"0 0 50 50\">\n          <circle class=\"uc-ajax-search__spinner-path\" cx=\"25\" cy=\"25\" r=\"20\" fill=\"none\" stroke-width=\"5\"><\/circle>\n        <\/svg>  \n    \n       <\/div>\n      \n    <\/div>\n      \n\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"uc-ajax-search__btn uc-inactive\" value=\"\"><span class=\"uc-ajax-search__btn_icon\"><i class='fas fa-search'><\/i><\/span>Search<\/button> \n\t\n\n      \n    \n      <div class=\"uc-ajax-search__error\" style=\"display:none\"><\/div>    \n    \n      <div class=\"uc-ajax-search__items uc-items-wrapper\" style='display:none' data-pagination=\"true\" data-num-items=\"10\" data-debug-list=\"false\" data-editor=\"no\" data-keys=\"true\" data-pagination-position=\"after\" data-no-results-text=\"\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0646\u0634\u062f!\" data-results-text=\"\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\" data-goto-on-enter=\"true\">\n        \n      <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n  \n\t\n  \n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- end AJAX Search -->\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c3c892b elementor-section-content-middle elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c3c892b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9dcfc79\" data-id=\"9dcfc79\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-0df004a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0df004a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e670c0e\" data-id=\"e670c0e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de61706 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"de61706\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Classification of intellectuals<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e0ea6a elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-ucaddon_ue_buttons_post_filter\" data-id=\"6e0ea6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"ucaddon_ue_buttons_post_filter.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<!-- start Tabs Filter -->\n\n<style>\/* widget: Tabs Filter *\/\n\n#uc_ue_buttons_post_filter_elementor_6e0ea6a.uc-filter-initing{\n    opacity:0.8;\n    cursor:default;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_buttons_post_filter_elementor_6e0ea6a .ue-debug-meta\n{\n  font-size:10px;\n  border:1px solid red;\n  padding:10px;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_buttons_post_filter_elementor_6e0ea6a .ue_taxonomy_image img\n{\n  display:block;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_buttons_post_filter_elementor_6e0ea6a.ue_taxonomy\n{\n  flex-wrap: wrap;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_buttons_post_filter_elementor_6e0ea6a a.ue_taxonomy_item\n{\n  display:block;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_buttons_post_filter_elementor_6e0ea6a.uc-filter-initing a{\n   cursor:default;\n   background-color:lightgray !important;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_buttons_post_filter_elementor_6e0ea6a.uc-filter-initing .ue_taxonomy_item_content{\n\tvisibility:hidden;\n}\n\n\n#uc_ue_buttons_post_filter_elementor_6e0ea6a.uc-filter-hidden,\n#uc_ue_buttons_post_filter_elementor_6e0ea6a.uc-filter-initing.uc-initing-filter-hidden{\n  display:none !important;\n}\n\n\n#uc_ue_buttons_post_filter_elementor_6e0ea6a .ue_taxonomy_item_content\n{\n  display:flex;\n  align-items:center;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_buttons_post_filter_elementor_6e0ea6a .ue_taxonomy_item_icon\n{\n  flex-grow:0;\n  flex-shrink:0;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_buttons_post_filter_elementor_6e0ea6a .ue_taxonomy_item_icon svg\n{\n  height:1em;\n  width:1em;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_buttons_post_filter_elementor_6e0ea6a .ue_taxonomy_item_icon_spacer\n{\n  flex-grow:0;\n  flex-shrink:0;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_buttons_post_filter_elementor_6e0ea6a .ue_taxonomy_item_num_posts\n{\n  flex-grow:0;\n  flex-shrink:0;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_buttons_post_filter_elementor_6e0ea6a .ue_taxonomy_item_title\n{\n  flex-grow:1;\n}\n\n\n#uc_ue_buttons_post_filter_elementor_6e0ea6a .ue_taxonomy_item_num_posts_spacer\n{\n  flex-grow:0;\n  flex-shrink:0;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_buttons_post_filter_elementor_6e0ea6a .uc-hide-loading-item{\n\tdisplay:none !important;\n}\n\n\n#uc_ue_buttons_post_filter_elementor_6e0ea6a-toggle\n{\n  display:none;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_buttons_post_filter_elementor_6e0ea6a-toggle .#uc_ue_buttons_post_filter_elementor_6e0ea6a-toggle\n{\n  display:none;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_buttons_post_filter_elementor_6e0ea6a-toggle .ue_taxonomy_toggle_icon\n{\n  display:inline-flex;\n  align-items:center;\n  justify-content:center;\n  line-height:1em;\n  cursor:pointer;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_buttons_post_filter_elementor_6e0ea6a-toggle .ue_taxonomy_toggle_icon svg\n{\n  height:1em;\n  width:1em;\n}\n\n\n#uc_ue_buttons_post_filter_elementor_6e0ea6a-toggle .ue_taxonomy_toggle_icon_close\n{\n  display:none;\n}\n\n  #uc_ue_buttons_post_filter_elementor_6e0ea6a .uc-item-all .ue_taxonomy_item_num_posts_spacer,\n  #uc_ue_buttons_post_filter_elementor_6e0ea6a .uc-item-all .ue_taxonomy_item_num_posts{\n\t \tdisplay:none !important;\n  }\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: px) {\n \n#uc_ue_buttons_post_filter_elementor_6e0ea6a-toggle\n{\n  display:block;\n}\n\n#uc_ue_buttons_post_filter_elementor_6e0ea6a-container\n{\n  display:none;\n}\n  \n}\n\n\n\n<\/style>\n\n\n<div class=\"ue_taxonomy_toggle\" id=\"uc_ue_buttons_post_filter_elementor_6e0ea6a-toggle\">\n  <div class=\"ue_taxonomy_toggle_icon\">\n    <div class=\"ue_taxonomy_toggle_icon_open\"><i class='fas fa-bars'><\/i><\/div>\n    <div class=\"ue_taxonomy_toggle_icon_close\"><i class='fas fa-times'><\/i><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"uc_ue_buttons_post_filter_elementor_6e0ea6a-container\">\n  \n<div id=\"uc_ue_buttons_post_filter_elementor_6e0ea6a\" class=\"ue_taxonomy  uc-grid-filter uc-filter-initing\" data-isfilter=\"\" data-filtertype=\"terms_list\"  data-initafter=\"true\" style=\"\">\n    \n    \n      \n  \t<a href=\"javascript:void(0)\" class=\"ue_taxonomy_item  uc-item-all 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Read more&#8230; Firooz&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-74463","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.5 (Yoast SEO v28.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>biographies-of-intellectuals - Encyclopedia of Iranian Studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iranologists.org\/en\/biographies-of-intellectuals\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"biographies-of-intellectuals\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"You are here: Home \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0647 Search A\u1e6d\u1e6d\u0101r of Nishapur Classification of intellectuals All Items pure-sciences 0 social-science 1 linguistics 1 religion 4 art 1 geography 0 history 2 literature 6 Fahmi Estarabadi \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u06cc \u0642\u0645\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0633\u062a. 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